Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous minimally invasive and open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Methods? A total of 46 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture admitted to Dushu Lake Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as study subjects， and were divided into two groups by random number table method，with 23 patients in each group. The control group was treated with open pedicle screw internal fixation，while the observation group was treated with percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw internal fixation. The incision length，blood loss and postoperative recovery indexes were recorded，and the changes of thoracolumbar functional parameters were measured. Results? The length of incision，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative drainage，pain relief time and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. After treatment，the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebrae，the Cobb angle of kyphosis，and the sagittal index of the vertebral body were significantly improved in the two groups，and the comparison was not statistically significant（P＞0.05）.Conclusion? Compared with open surgery，percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw internal fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures has the advantages of less trauma，less bleeding，and faster recovery.The thoracic and lumbar spine function is improved to a similar degree，and the postoperative recovery is good.It is worth promoting.