Objective To investigate the effect of target controlled infusion intravenous anesthesia and intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods? A total of 67 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Tinghu District People's Hospital of Yancheng from January 2019 to May 2020 were selected as study subjects，and divided into control（n=33）and observation（n=34）groups by random number table method.Patients in the control group were given total intravenous anesthesia by target controlledinfusion，and patients in the observation group received intravenous-inhalation compound anesthesia.The indicators related to awakening after anesthesia，cognition，consciousness，and adverse effects were compared between the two groups. Results? The postoperative awakening time and extubation time of patients in the observation group were not significantly different from those of patients in the control group（P＞0.05）；the recovery time of spontaneous ventilation and the recovery time of directional force in the observation group patients were shorter than in the control group（P＜0.05）；the cognitive function scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 1 and 3 h after surgery（P＜0.05）；the scores of the state of consciousness of the patients in the observation group were better than those of the control group at 1 and 3 h after surgery（P＜0.05）；at 1 day after surgery，there were no significant differences in cognitive function scores and conscious state scores between the two groups（P＞0.05）；the incidence of adverse effects in the observation group was 5.88%，which was lower than that in the control group 12.12%，but the difference was not statistically significant（P＞0.05）.Conclusion? The application of intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce the impact on postoperative cognitive function and consciousness of patients，with fewer adverse reactions，compared with target controlled infusion anesthesia.