Objective? To investigate the risk factors，allergen distribution and intervention countermeasures for allergic rhinitis in preschool children under 6 years of age. Methods? Totally 85 children under 6 years old preschool children with allergic rhinitis who were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City from July 2017 to February 2020 were selected as the observation group，and 76 children who underwent health examination in the same The Third People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City during the same period were selected as the control group，all of whom underwent allergen investigation and analysis of their risk factors. Results? Among 85 cases of patients with allergic rhinitis，house dust mite，pollen，dust mites and animal hair were the main inhalation allergens，and milk，eggs and shrimp were the main ingestive allergens. The allergic history，history of asthma，parental and maternal allergic rhinitis，floating population，and pets were higher in the observation group than in the control group. The proportion of daily window ventilation and frequent cleaning and regular physical exercise was lower than that of the control group（P＜0.05）.Logistic analysis showed that allergic history，history of asthma，floating population，feeding animals，and allergic rhinitis in fathers and mothers were risk factors for allergic rhinitis（OR＞1，P＜0.05）；Regular physical exercise and daily window ventilation and frequent cleaning were protective factors for allergic rhinitis（OR＜1，P＜0.05）. Conclusion? Allergic rhinitis in preschool children under 6 years old is dominated by house dust mites and pollen，and allergic history，history of asthma，floating population，pets，and allergic rhinitis in fathers and mothers are the risk factors，physical exercise and daily window ventilation and frequent cleaning are protective factors.