Objective To investigate the application effect of transvaginal single port laparoscopy and transabdominal multi- port laparoscopy for hysterectomy. Methods Sixty patients with uterine fibroids who were admitted to Heyuan Chang'an Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects,according to the random number table method, it is divided into observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). The observation group underwent transvaginal single port laparoscopic myomectomy, and the control group underwent transabdominal multiport laparoscopic myomectomy. The operation status, ovarian function,menstruation status, and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) status were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss of the observation group was less than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The operation time, postoperative exhaust time, the first time out of bed after operation and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05); preoperative FSH and E2 in the two groups There was no statistical significance in comparison with LH and LH (P＞0.05); 6 months after operation,the FSH and LH of the two groups were lower than those before the operation, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P＜0.05); E2 of the two groups were higher than Before operation, the observation group was higher than the control group (P＜0.05).The levels of FSH and LH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation, and E2 was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The menstrual volume and menstrual cycle of the two groups before operation were not statistically significant (P＞0.05);1, 3 and 6 months after operation, the menstrual volume and menstrual cycle of the two groups were improved, and the improvement of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery (P＜0.05).Conclusion Transvaginal single- port laparoscopy has a reliable effect in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Compared with trans-abdominal multi-port laparoscopy, it has more minimally invasive advantages. It can improve the patient's pain and recover quickly after surgery.