Objective?To compare the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MISTLIF) through an expandable channel and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (OPEN-TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases and to provide clinical reference. Methods?A total of 57 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who were admitted to Xuanhan County People’s Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into the observation group (28 cases) and the control group (29 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in the observation group descended the expandable channel MIS-TLIF surgery and patients in the control group underwent OPEN-TLIF surgery. The length of surgical incision, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, bed rest time, and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) scores were evaluated before and after surgery, and the patients were followed up 1 year. Results?The length of surgical incision, operation time, bed rest time, and hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume of the observation group were significantly less than In the control group (P ＜0.05); the VAS and JOA scores of the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P ＜0.05). There was no poor incision healing and incision infection in the observation group after surgery, and there was no spinal nerve injury was found by mistakenly implanting screws. Conclusion?Compared with OPEN-TLIF, MIS-TLIF can achieve the same clinical effect, and has less trauma, smaller incision, less bleeding, shorter bed time, faster recovery, and lower low back pain rate.