Objective To explore the vitamin D nutritional status of adults of different genders, ages and seasons of sampling in Wuhan. Methods 10 067 people undergoing physical examination in Wuhan were selected to detect their 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels in the serum. Serum 25OHD≥20 ng/mL was defined as vitamin D adequacy, 12 ng/mL≤25OHD ＜ 20 ng/mL as vitamin D insufficiency, and 25OHD ＜ 12 ng/mL as vitamin D deficiency. The data of vitamin D levels and nutritional status on tested cases were devided into groups by age, gender and season in which samples were taken and recorded. Results The overall vitamin level on the cases was (16.02±6.13) ng/ mL; the proportions of vitamin D adequacy, insufficiency and deficiency were 22.54%, 49.81% and 27.65%; the 18~44 years group ranked the highest in terms of the deficiency rate while the ≥ 60 age group had the lowest deficiency rate, which were 32.11% and 23.30%. The differences in vitamin D nutritional status between the 18~44 years group and the 45~59 years group, and between 18~44 years group and the ≥60 years group were all statistically significant (P＜0.05). The vitamin D levels in the serum of women was lower than that of men (P＜0.05), and the vitamin D deficiency rate of female population was higher than that of male population which was significantly different (P ＜0.05). The nutritional status of vitamin D of people whose samples taken in summer was relatively better, of whom the adequacy rate was 31.49% while the deficiency rate was 17.17%. The status of people whose samples taken in winter was relatively worse, when the adequacy rate was 12.41%, and the deficiency rate was 40.83%. The difference between the nutritional status of summer and that of spring was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common among more than 70% of the population in Wuhan, which should be taken seriously. The problem of vitamin D deficiency is more serious among women and people between 18 and 45 years old. Vitamin D is generally at a low level in winter, and should be supplemented appropriately.