Objective To understand the pathogen composition and epidemiological characteristics of 2 323 patients with respiratory tract infection in Songjiang District, shanghai. Methods The respiratory pathogen profile data of 2 323 patients with respiratory tract infection admitted to Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital between March 2021 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 8 kinds of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody againct pathogens in serum of patients with respiratory tract infection were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method,including Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Influenza virus type A (INFA), Influenza virus type B (INFB), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPn) and Legionella pneumophila (LP), and the detection rate and distribution of each pathogen were analyzed. Results Of the 2 323 cases, the number of positive samples was 397, and the positive rate was about 17.09%. The positive rate of NFB type was the highest (10.42%), followed by INFA (2.11%) and LP (1.68%). The seasons with high positive rate were summer (22.26%) and autumn (20.77%). The positive rates of INFB in different seasons were higher than those of INFA and LP (P<0.05). The positive rate of INFA in male were higher than that in female (P<0.05). The positive rates of INFB and MP infection in patients aged 0-14 years were higher than those in the other two age groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rates of other 6 respiratory pathogens in different age groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The spectrum of respiratory pathogens in Songjiang District is mainly INFB、 INFA and LP infection; the rate of respiratory pathogens infection varies between different ages and different seasons. As soon as possible the use of respiratory tract antibody IgM antibody detection can help clinicians clear diagnosis, rational use of drugs.