Objective To study the global relationship between multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical lesions, and provide reference for clinical practice. Methods A total of 347 patients with cervical lesions admitted to the Hebei CHEST Hospital from May 2019 to December 2021 were selected for retrospective analysis. According to the difference of pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into cervicitis group (114 cases), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ group (68 cases), CIN Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ group (72 cases) and cervical cancer group (93 cases). The prevalence of multiple HPV infection, the distribution of HPV types in patients with multiple HPV infection, and the composition ratio of HPV genotypes in cervical cancer patients were compared among the groups. Results The infection rates of multiple HPV in CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ ~Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group were higher than those in cervicitis group, and the infection rate of multiple HPV in CIN Ⅰ group and CIN Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ group were higher than those in cervical cancer group (P<0.05). The infection rates of high-risk HPV in CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group were higher than those in cervicitis group, the infection rates of high-risk HPV in CIN Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group were higher than those in CIN Ⅰ group, and the infection rate of high-risk HPV in cervical cancer group was higher than that in CIN Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ group ( P<0.05). HPV genotypes of cervical cancer patients were mainly high-risk types, and the proportion went from HPV16 to HPV18 and then down to HPV56 and finally to HPV58. Conclusion Multiple HPV infections are closely related to cervical lesions, especially promoting the progression of CIN. High-risk HPV infection is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer.